The southern shore of Lake Neuchâtel is the largest swamp lake in Switzerland, with extensive reed beds, sedges and ponds, bordered by a belt of alluvial forest and slope forest. This great diversity of habitats has allowed for the development of an exceptional fauna and flora. 511 species of plants have been identified, with nearly 100 nationally threatened or potentially threatened species. Some 3,200 animal species have been identified, including 144 species which are included in the Swiss Red Lists and 18 protected at European level. The Site is a very favourable location for overwintering and migratory waterbirds. Together with the neighbouring Fanel et Chablais de Cudrefin (Ramsar Site no. 79), the wetland forms Switzerland’s most important nesting site for wetland birds. The Site is home to an average of 45,000 birds, including more than 1% of the populations of tufted duck Aythya fuligula, common pochard Aythya ferina and red-crested pochard Netta rufina. Human activities relate to conservation, hunting, fishing, forest production and tourism. The Pro-Natura centre in Champ-Pittet offers many facilities including a tower and an ornithological observatory, as well as two kilometres of discovery trails in the marsh and forest. Threats mainly relate to invasive species, canalization and regulation of the waters of the lakes along the base of the Swiss Jura mountains. There is a specific management plan for the Site.